台湾公司在波兰以非居民(Non-Resident)身份运营税务(VAT &CIT)法规问答
波兰申请纳税人编号(Tax Payer ID),PL 开头的欧盟VAT 证号,网上註册OSS (One stop Shop) 及IOSS (Import One stop Shop),申请欧盟海关EORI证号,代理申报VAT,代收代付VAT税款。
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更多国家非居民公司 VAT相关服务(含亚马逊卖家)与法规问答
NRC-PL-010:
台湾公司透过在波兰店商平台卖东西到波兰当地,一定要以台湾公司非居民Non-Resident身份来申请VAT证号吗?
答:
假如每笔交易低于欧元150,且在波兰年销售额不高于欧元10,000,其营业税可安排由在波兰店商平台业者,代收代缴。
反之,假如每笔交易高于欧元150,或在波兰年销售额高于欧元10,000,任何一个条件成立的话,则必需以台湾公司非居民Non-Resident身份来申请VAT证号,自行开立VAT缴交。
NRC-PL-015:
台湾公司已经在波兰申请非居民Non-Resident VAT证号吗,透过在波兰店商平台卖东西到非波兰的欧盟国家,需要到该欧盟国家申请VAT证号吗?
答:
假如每笔交易低于欧元150,且在该欧盟国家年销售额不高于欧元10,000,其营业税可安排由在波兰店商平台业者,代收代缴,并不需要申请VAT号码。
NRC-PL-020:
外国公司可以在波兰以非居民Non-Resident身份申请VAT证号吗?如可以,需要缴交CIT营利事业所得税吗?
官方网址?申请表格?
答:
根据 BNA 增值税9.2 和 BNA 国家指南 2.2.2。
增值税代表
根据《增值税法》第 18a 条,在波兰生产应税供应品的欧盟以外的非居民纳税人必须在波兰任命一名税务代表。
税务代表对增值税承担连带责任。税务代表负责增值税的会计和报告以及增值税的支付。
居住在欧盟但在波兰没有註册办事处、永久居住地或营业地的人士,如果希望登记增值税,则无需指定税务代表。
《增值税法》第96(4)(b) 条规定,如果纳税人的欠税是由于税务诈欺造成的,并且在纳税人进行增值税登记日后六个月内累积,则税务代表应对纳税人的欠税承担连带责任,最高可达500,000 兹罗提。
波兰法律允许海关机构在某些条件下成为代表。代表与纳税人承担连带纳税义务。
有关指定税务代表流程的更多信息,请参阅 第 10.4 节
不用缴交CIT营利事业所得税。
NRC-PL-030:
假如外国公司在荷兰以非居民Non-Resident身份申请VAT证号:
代理人正式名称是什麽?
代理人需要啥资格?
委任代理人对荷兰税局负连带缴税责任吗?
该非居民Non-Resident Entity需要缴CIT营利事业所得税吗?
官方网址?
答:
根据 BNA 增值税10.4。
10.4. 任命税务代表 —
合格的税务代表
根据增值税法第 18a 条,其他欧盟成员国的非居民贸易商没有义务任命税务代表,但可以自愿这样做。
来自第三国的纳税人必须在波兰任命一名税务代表来报告和缴纳增值税。
增值税法第 18b 条规定,税务代表必须符合以下要求:
• 在波兰设有註册办事处并进行增值税登记;
• 有权提供专业的税务或会计建议;和
• 在过去24 个月内,其拖欠税款没有超过指定阈值,也没有因经济犯罪被定罪。
预约程序
税务代表是透过书面协议任命的,该协议提供了各方的姓名、地址和增值税信息,以及有关任命的其他适用资讯。
更多资讯
有关税务代表的更多信息,请参阅 第 9.2 节。
NRC-PL-040:
在荷兰的非居民公司(Non-Resident Company)在甚麽状况下不会被认为有PE常设机构? 在甚麽状况下会被认为有PE常设机构?
答:
根据 BNA 国家指南 2.13 和 2.2.2。
2.1.3. 非居民实体的法律分类
在波兰开展业务的实体,其註册办事处和管理机构位于波兰境外,并以法人身分在当地运营,则需在波兰纳税。
该规则也适用于在另一个州设有註册办事处或管理机构的合伙企业,根据该州的税法规定,它们被视为法人,并且无论其註册地点在哪里,都应对其全部收入纳税。这是赚来的。
2.2.2. 非居民公司
波兰非居民公司的税基是地域性的。
换句话说,公司仅对在波兰境内赚取的收入承担纳税义务。
税基包括营业收入和资本利得收入。
其他种类的收入(例如,股息、特许权使用费、利息和无形服务绩效的收入)单独徵税,并在波兰缴纳预扣税。
在波兰赚取的收入包括以下收入:
• 在波兰所进行的各种活动;
• 位于波兰的不动产,包括出售公司部分或全部不动产的收入;
• 未在波兰受监管的证券交易所公开交易的证券和衍生金融工具,以及销售证券或工具或执行证券或工具所产生的权利的收入;
• 若公司/实体至少50%的资产直接或间接构成波兰房地产或波兰房地产权利,则转让某些类型公司或某些实体参与单位(包括基金)的股份;
• 在波兰有营业地点或居住地的个人、法人或独立实体签订的服务合约所获得的收入,无论服务签订合约的地点或服务执行的地点;
• 自2019年1月1日起,将资产从波兰领土转移到另一个国家的情况下的未实现资本利得(关于出境税,请参阅第9.4节 );和
• 转让房地产公司股份。自2021年1月1日起,引进房地产公司概念。4 房地产公司是一个非个人的实体,其中:
• 课税年度的第一天(对于开始活动的实体);或者
• 课税年度前一年的最后一天(其他实体),
4 2020 年 11 月 28 日《个人所得税法》、《企业所得税法》、《自然人某些收入统一税率所得税法》和某些其他法案修正案,第 4 条。2(3)。
其资产的至少 50% 的市场价值(对于开始其活动的实体)或至少 50% 的帐面价值(对于其他实体)包含位于波兰的房地产(或房地产权利),前提是此类不动产遗产价值超过1000万兹罗提。此外,对于开始活动的实体以外的实体,至少 60% 的应税收入来自租赁或类似协议,或房地产或房地产权利的转让。
如果双重课税协定适用于非居民公司,波兰可以对非居民的营业收入(营业利润)课税,只要该收入归属于位于波兰的非居民常设机构(PE)。
波兰遵循经合组织关于构成常设机构的非居民公司的存在/活动程度的准则。
网路使用、下载和云端运算-PE 法律中没有关于提供云端运算、储存或其他云端服务或电话存在的具体立场。然而,税务机关有时会提出,如果非居民卖家在波兰保留网站和云端运算伺服器或电脑设备,则可能存在常设机构。
伺服器——波兰没有关于这个问题的具体法律。
电话存在-波兰没有关于此主题的具体法律。
佣金销售-佣金结构由税务机关调查,需要非常仔细地构建,以免在波兰产生私募股权风险。
NRC-PL-050:
在波兰的非居民公司(Non-Resident Company) VAT 申报时限规定?
答:
根据 BNA VAT 10.3.1. Timing for Filing — 申报时限
JPK 增值税申报
纳税人必须每月在增值税期结束后的下个月 25 日之前提交 Jednoality Plik Kontrolny (JPK)。
JPK 包含标准审计文件,并在波兰提交以代替增值税申报表。
JPK 可在 Bloomberg Tax 的国际税表资料库中找到。有关该资料库的链接,请参阅 附录 15.3。
国税局在其 JPK 增值税入口网站上提供了有关此申报要求的大量资讯。有关此门户的链接,请参阅 附录 15.2。
小规模纳税人
波兰增值税法第99(3) 条规定,小规模纳税人通常可以选择按季度计算增值税,前提是他们不晚于发生增值税的季度第二个月的25 日以书面形式通知税务局负责人.首次提交季度报税。
按季度提交的纳税人需要按月提交增值税记录,并且任何季度第三个月的提交都包含额外的 JPK 增值税申报资讯。
对于被归类为小型的纳税人,其上一纳税年度的销售额(含税)总额不得超过相当于 2,000,000 欧元的波兰兹罗提。对于管理投资基金或以代理人身分经营的经纪企业,门槛为45,000欧元的佣金或其他提供服务的形式的报酬。小规模纳税人可以实施收付实现制,在收到货款时核算增值税。
波兰增值税法第 99(3)(a) 条规定,在以下情况下,小纳税人不能按季度申报:
• 小规模纳税人是增值税目的的新的、活跃的纳税人(即在相关税务局进行登记后的前 12 个月内);或者
• 他们在一个季度或之前的四个季度供应波兰增值税法附件15 中列举的某些商品,除非这些期间任何一个月的供应总量减去税额不超过50,000 兹罗提。 (有关附件 15 所列货物的更多信息,请参阅 第 9.3 节);或者
• 纳税人註册为活跃纳税人,并在进口时提交的报税表中缴纳货物进口应缴税款。
错误更正
如果错扣的进项税额必须在目前申报期间之前的期间更正,纳税人必须透过提交更正的增值税申报表来调整错扣的进项税额。如果纳税人在更正后仍欠税款,则应支付滞纳金的利息。
错误可以在产生扣除权利的当年开始的五年内进行调整。对于销项税,其期限为自向国库缴纳销项增值税当年年底起五年。逾期付款可能会受到处罚。
JPK VAT Declaration
Taxpayers must file the Jednolity Plik Kontrolny (JPK) on a monthly basis, by the 25th day of the month following the end of the VAT period.
The JPK incorporates the Standard Audit File and is filed in Poland in lieu of a VAT return.
The JPK is available on Bloomberg Tax’s International Tax Forms database. For a link to this database, see Appendix 15.3.
The National Tax Administration provides extensive information about this filing requirement on its JPK VAT portal. For a link to this portal, see Appendix 15.2.
Small Taxpayers
Article 99(3) of the Polish VAT Act provides that small taxpayers may generally opt to account for VAT quarterly, provided they notify the head of a revenue office in writing no later than the 25th day of the second month of a quarter for which a quarterly tax declaration is to be filed for the first time.
Taxpayers who file on a quarterly basis are required to file a VAT record on a monthly basis and the submission for the third month of any quarter contains additional JPK VAT declaration information.
For taxable persons to be categorized as small, their total value of sales (including tax) in the preceding tax year must not have exceeded the Polish zloty equivalent of 2,000,000 euros. For a brokerage enterprise, managing investment funds, or operating as an agent, the threshold is 45,000 euros of commissions or other forms of remuneration for provided services. Small taxpayers can apply the cash accounting scheme and account for VAT when the payment is received.
Article 99(3)(a) of the Polish VAT Act provides that quarterly filing is not available for small taxpayers if:
• The small taxpayer is a new, active taxable person for VAT purposes (i.e., for the first 12 months following the month in which the registration by the relevant tax office was made); or
• They supplied certain goods, enumerated in Annex 15 to the Polish VAT Act, in a quarter or in the four quarters preceding it, unless the total amount of supplies less the tax amount did not exceed 50,000 zloty in any month during these periods. (For more information about goods enumerated in Annex 15, see Section 9.3); or
• The taxpayer is registered as an active taxable person and settles the tax due on the import of goods in a tax declaration submitted at the time of import.
Correction of Errors
If input VAT has been incorrectly recovered and must be corrected for a period preceding the current reporting period, the taxpayer must adjust the incorrectly recovered input VAT by filing a corrected VAT declaration. If the taxpayer still owes a payment after the correction, the payment must include interest for the late VAT.
Errors can be adjusted within five years from the beginning of the year in which the right to claim a deduction arises. For output tax, it is five years from the end of the year in which the output VAT is due to the Treasury. Late payments may incur a penalty.
NRC-PL-060:
在波兰的非居民公司(Non-Resident Company) VAT 电子申报规定?
答:
根据 BNA VAT 10.3.2. Electronic Filing — 电子申报
波兰纳税人以电子方式提交 JPK 增值税申报表。
有关 EC 销售清单和 EU Intrastat 申报表的信息,请参阅 第 10.3.6 节,这些资讯也以电子方式提交。
Polish taxpayers file the JPK VAT Declaration electronically.
See Section 10.3.6 for information about EC Sales Lists and EU Intrastat returns, which are also filed electronically.
NRC-PL-070:
在波兰兰的非居民公司(Non-Resident Company) VAT 付款或存款的时间期限规定?
答:
根据 BNA VAT 10.3.3. Timing of Payments or Deposits — 付款或存款的时间
一般付款规则
根据增值税法第一百零三条规定,任何纳税期间的税款应在相应报税表的提交截止日期前缴纳。
有关提交截止日期的信息,请参阅 第 10.3.1 节。
欧盟内液体燃料採购
反诈欺措施规定,在共同体内部购买液体燃料时,应在燃料引入波兰后五天内缴纳增值税。根据波兰增值税法第 17a 条,如果使用税务仓库进行採购,则仓库需缴纳增值税。
Payment Rules, Generally
Under Article 103 of the VAT Act, payment of tax for any tax period is due by the filing deadline for the corresponding tax return.
For information about the filing deadline, see Section 10.3.1.
Intra-Community Acquisitions of Liquid Fuel
Anti-fraud measures provide that VAT is due on intra-Community acquisitions of liquid fuel within five days of the introduction of the fuel into Poland. Under Article 17a of the Polish VAT Act, if the acquisition is made using a tax warehouse, the warehouse is liable for the VAT.
NRC-PL-080:
在波兰的非居民公司(Non-Resident Company) VAT 付款或存款的方式规定?
答:
根据 BNA VAT 10.3.4. Methods of Payment or Deposit — 付款或存款的方式
一般增值税支付
在波兰註册的纳税人必须将任何应付增值税直接存入其註册的相关税务局的银行帐户。
在波兰没有固定机构的非居民纳税人需要在华沙第二税务局登记,并将税款存入第二税务局的银行帐户。
增值税必须以波兰兹罗提支付。
规划点
儘管没有法定要求从外国银行帐户支付增值税,但根据分割付款机制进行的任何付款都必须从波兰银行帐户支付,并且任何增值税退税仅支付到波兰帐户。因此,建议从事波兰应税活动的外国公司探索开设当地银行帐户的可能性。
分期付款机制
波兰根据波兰增值税法第 108a-108b 条实施分期付款机制(“ Mechanizm podzielonej ”)。
此机制对于某些交易是强制性的,如下所述。
《增值税法》附件 15 列举瞭如果发票上的金额超过 15,000 波兰兹罗提分期付款门槛的供应品,则必须使用分期付款机制。如果发票金额低于分期付款限额,则可以自愿使用分期付款方式。
分期付款交易包括:
• 汽车、机车零件的销售;
• 汽车燃料、燃油和润滑油;
• 废弃物、废弃物、可回收材料;
• 钢材、贵金属、有色金属;
• 电子产品,包括处理器、智慧型手机、手机、平板电脑、上网本、笔记型电脑、游戏机;
• 温室气体排放权;和
• 建筑服务。
此机制要求买方和供应商均拥有增值税帐户。税务发票应包含「 metoda podzielonej platnosci 」声明,意思是「分割付款方式」。
波兰银行以及合作储蓄和信用合作社必须开设增值税帐户,作为所有持有常规帐户的增值税註册客户的子帐户。增值税帐户必须以波兰兹罗提计价。这些帐户必须自动开设,并且不得收取服务费或收费。
• 缴纳增值税滞纳金利息。
纳税人必须向 KAS 申请批准从其增值税帐户到其企业帐户的任何资金转移,KAS 有最多 60 天的时间就此类申请做出决定。
购买者使用分期付款机制可以获得一定的激励措施。例如,根据第 105a 条,购买者在购买敏感货物时一般可免除连带责任,但以分期付款机制缴纳的税额为限。有关敏感商品的更多信息,请参阅 第 9.3 节。
如果退税款存入增值税帐户,纳税人也有资格在 25 天内加速退税。有关详细信息,请参阅 第 8.5.1 节。
不应用分期付款机制可能会导致处罚。有关详细信息,请参阅 第 11.2 节。
规划点: 所有在波兰银行拥有银行帐户的纳税人都会在波兰自动开设增值税银行帐户。然而,对于帐户设在波兰境外设立的银行的外国企业来说,这个机会可能无法提供。因此,需要参与分期付款机制的外国企业应安排在波兰银行开设帐户。
VAT Payment, Generally
Taxpayers registered in Poland must pay any VAT due directly into the bank account of the relevant tax office with which they are registered.
Nonresident taxpayers without a fixed establishment in Poland are required to register with the Second Tax Office Warszawa-Srodmiescie and pay into the bank account of the Second Tax Office.
The VAT payment must be made in Polish zloty.
Planning Point
Although there is no statutory requirement for payments of VAT to be made from a foreign bank account, any payment made under the Split Payment Mechanism must be made from a Polish bank account, and any refunds of VAT are only paid to Polish accounts. Therefore, it is advisable for a foreign company with Polish taxable activities to explore the possibility of opening a local bank account.
Split Payment Mechanism
Poland implements a split payment mechanism (the “Mechanizm podzielonej”), under Articles 108a-108b of the Polish VAT Act.
This mechanism is obligatory for certain transactions, addressed below.
Annex No. 15 of the VAT Act enumerates the supplies for which the use of the split payment mechanism is obligatory, if the amount on the invoice exceeds the split payment threshold of 15,000 Polish zloty. If the invoiced amount is less than the split payment threshold, the split payment method can be used on a voluntary basis.
Split-payment transactions include:
• Sales of car and motorcycle parts;
• Fuel for cars, fuel and lubricating oils;
• Waste, scrap, recyclable materials;
• Steel products, precious metals, nonferrous metals;
• Electronics, including processors, smartphones, phones, tablets, netbooks, laptops, game consoles;
• Greenhouse gas emission rights; and
• Building and construction services.
The mechanism requires both the purchaser and the supplier to have VAT accounts. The tax invoice should contain the statement, “metoda podzielonej platnosci,” meaning “split payment method.”
Polish banks and cooperative savings and credit unions are required to open VAT accounts, as sub-accounts for all VAT-registered customers who hold regular accounts. The VAT accounts must be denominated in Polish zloty. These accounts must be opened automatically and may not be subject to service fees or charges.
The customer instructing the financial institution to make the split payment must provide certain information, including the amount of VAT, the gross sales value, the invoice number and the supplier’s tax identification number. Upon receiving this instruction, the financial institution splits the payment accordingly, paying the amount net of VAT into the supplier’s general business account, and the VAT amount into the supplier’s VAT account.
Although the VAT account and the funds within it are the property of the supplier, the use of the account is limited to specified, VAT-related purposes, including:
• Paying VAT to the National Tax Administration (KAS);
• Paying invoiced VAT to the VAT account of a supplier; and
• Paying VAT late payment interest.
A taxpayer must apply to KAS to approve any transfer of funds from its VAT account to its business account, and KAS has up to 60 days to issue a decision on such application.
Purchasers benefit from certain incentives in return for using the split payment mechanism. For example, the purchaser is generally absolved of joint and several liability under Article 105a with respect to acquisitions of sensitive goods, to the extent of the tax amount paid using the split payment mechanism. For more information about sensitive goods, see Section 9.3.
Taxpayers are also eligible for VAT refunds on an accelerated basis, within 25 days, if the refunds are to be paid into the VAT account. For more information, see Section 8.5.1.
Failure to apply the split payment mechanism can result in a penalty. For more information, see Section 11.2.
Planning Point:
VAT bank accounts are opened automatically in Poland for all taxpayers who have bank accounts in a Polish bank. However, this opportunity may not be available for foreign businesses whose accounts are at banks established outside Poland. Therefore, foreign businesses required to participate in the split payment mechanism should arrange to open Polish bank accounts.
NRC-PL-090:
在波兰的非居民公司(Non-Resident Company) VAT 纪录保存规定?
答:
根据 BNA VAT 10.3.5. Recordkeeping — 记录保存
需保存的记录
根据增值税法第 112 条,纳税人必须保留与增值税申报相关的记录(文件和发票),直至纳税义务期满。
根据增值税法第一百零九条规定,记录应包含确定徵税对象和基础、销项税额、进项税额扣除销项税额以及应纳或应退税额所需的数据。税务局提供的资讯以及有助于正确编制报税表的其他详细资料。
这些记录必须包括纳税人或代表纳税人开立的发票以及纳税人以易于存取和验证的形式收到的发票。纳税人有责任在发票和货物供应或服务提供之间提供可靠的审计追踪。
根据《增值税法》第 112aa 条,结构性发票将在国家电子发票系统中存储,有效期为自开具当年年底起 10 年。
记录保存期限
根据1997年8月29日波兰税法第70条,税务义务期间一般为五年。
对于某些活动,例如与 B2C 电信、广播和电子提供服务(迷你一站式服务)以及土地和财产活动相关的交易,记录必须保存 10 年。有关迷你一站式服务的更多信息,请参阅 第 13.3 节。
储存位置
在波兰设立的纳税人可以在波兰境外储存发票,前提是发票的储存方式使税务机关能够在线上存取它们。
电子记录
所有纳税人都必须以电子格式保存增值税记录。
电子商务记录保存要求
特殊记录保存规则适用于 2021 年 7 月 1 日或之后从事远程销售的在线市场运营商。有关更多信息,请参阅 第 9.2 节。
特殊记录保存要求也适用于 2021 年 7 月 1 日或之后註册一站式服务的人员。有关更多信息,请参阅 第 13.3 节。
自 2024 年 1 月 1 日起,欧盟范围内的记录保存要求适用于根据增值税法第 110a 条从事某些类型跨境交易的支付服务提供者。此外,支付服务提供者必须向相关税务机关提供这些记录。有关更多信息,请参阅 增值税导航器欧盟章节的第 10.3.5 节。
Records to be Maintained
Under Article 112 of the VAT Act, taxpayers are required to retain records (documents and invoices) related to the filing of VAT declarations until the expiration of the tax liability period.
Under Article 109 of the VAT Act, the records should contain the data necessary for determining the object and base of taxation, the amount of output tax, the amounts of input tax reducing the amount of output tax and the amount of tax payable to or refundable by the revenue office and other particulars useful for the correct drawing up of the tax declaration.
The records must include invoices issued by the taxpayer or on behalf of the taxpayer and invoices received by the taxpayer in a form that is easy to access and authenticate. The taxpayer bears the burden to provide a reliable audit trail between an invoice and a supply of goods or provision of services.
Under Article 112aa of the VAT Act, structured invoices are stored in the National e-Invoice System for a period of 10 years from the end of the year in which they were issued.
Recordkeeping Period
The tax liability period is generally five years, under Article 70 of the Polish Tax Code of August 29, 1997.
For certain activities, such as transactions relating to B2C telecommunications, broadcasting and electronically supplied services (the Mini One Stop Shop) and land and property activities, the records must be kept for 10 years. For more information on the Mini One Stop Shop, see Section 13.3.
Storage Location
Taxpayers established in Poland may store invoices outside Poland provided they are stored in a manner that enables the tax authority to access them online.
Electronic Records
All taxpayers must keep their VAT records in electronic format.
E-Commerce Recordkeeping Requirements
Special recordkeeping rules apply to online marketplace operators engaged in distance sales on or after July 1, 2021. For more information, see Section 9.2.
Special recordkeeping requirements also apply to persons registered for the One Stop Shop on or after July 1, 2021. For more information, see Section 13.3.
On and after January 1, 2024, EU-wide recordkeeping requirements apply to payment service providers engaged in certain types of cross-border transactions under Article 110a of the VAT Act. Further, the payment services providers must make these records available to the relevant tax authorities. For more information, see Section 10.3.5 of the European Union Chapter of the VAT Navigator.
NRC-PL-0A0:
在波兰的非居民公司(Non-Resident Company) 以PL…..VAT销售至其他欧盟 国家的VAT 申报规定?
答:
根据 BNA VAT 10.3.6. Other Matters — 其他事项
JPK 报告要求
波兰纳税人定期提交 JPK,而不是增值税申报表。
根据该协议,纳税人必须以标准化文件格式(XML)维护某些记录,方法是直接从纳税人的企业资源规划(ERP)系统中汇出讯息,或透过第三方软体汇出资讯。
JPK 报告为国家税务总局提供了公司应税交易的完整记录,使政府能够在审计前进行财务分析。
波兰的JPK文件一般包括:
• 会计帐簿;
• 银行对帐单;
• 增值税发票;
• 农民统一费率发票;
• 存货;
• 加值税销售及购买登记册;和
• 收入记录。
客户的增值税登记号码必须包含在发送给国家税务总局的报告中,不包含正确的栏位可能会导致处罚。
有关 JPK 和提交截止日期的更多信息,请参阅 第 10.3.1 节。
在进行审计时,纳税人可能需要根据需要产生额外的 SAF-T 文件
分期付款机制
有关分割支付机制的信息,请参阅 第 10.3.4 节。
EC 销售清单 (ESL)
从事共同体内部交易的註册纳税人必须以电子方式提交 EC 销售清单 (ESL),称为“摘要资讯”,用于共同体内部的商品和服务供应。
根据波兰增值税法第 100 条,註册纳税人如果从事以下任何活动,必须提交摘要资讯:
• 共同体内向增值税纳税人或非增值税纳税人的法人供应货物(更多信息,请参阅 第 7.4 节);
• 共同体内从增值税纳税人购买的货物,出于增值税目的而确定;
• 向增值税纳税人或非纳税人且出于增值税目的而确定的法人提供的服务,如果该服务是在波兰以外的成员国提供的,并且接收者有义务缴纳增值税;和
• 根据取消库存安排从波兰供应的货物(更多信息,请参阅 第 3.5 节)。
该清单必须提供提交清单的实体名称及其波兰增值税登记号、供应商和客户的欧盟增值税登记号码以及国家/地区代码、共同体内採购和供应的总价值以及在波兰境外提供供应的服务。
摘要资讯必须在以下月份的下个月 25 日之前以电子方式提交:
• 因交易而产生的税务义务;或者
• 货物依照取消库存安排装运(如果适用)。
有关适用于三角交易的 ESL 报告要求的信息,请参阅 第 5.5 节。
内部统计
在共同体内供应或採购货物的纳税人也可能需要提供统计资料。收购的基本报告门槛为每年 620 万兹罗提,派遣的基本报告门槛为每年 280 万兹罗提。
对于达到更高门槛的纳税人,适用更详细的内部统计报告费率。
统计资讯可以使用可透过 Intrastat 入口网站下载的软体提供,也可以透过纸本形式提供,但不建议这样做。必须每月在报告月结束后的第 10 个工作日之前提供资讯。
有关适用于三角交易的内部统计报告要求的信息,请参阅 第 5.5 节。
欧盟委员会增值税号验证工具
欧盟委员会维护增值税资讯交换系统 (VIES) 增值税号验证工具,其中包含在欧盟成员国内经营且被授权在共同体内提供零税率商品或服务的应纳税人的增值税识别号码。欧盟纳税人使用此工具来验证其成员国以外的欧盟应税交易对手的增值税註册状态,以确保其欧盟内部交易符合零税率。
有关 VIES 增值税号验证工具的链接,请参阅 增值税导航器欧盟章节的附录 15.2 。
规划重点: 如果网路工具传回与增值税号相关的「无效状态」回应,纳税人必须完成进一步的尽职调查,以确定该交易符合零税率的条件。否则,可能会失去零评级的权利。
线上收银机
特殊规则适用于向最终客户自然人以及根据统一税率计划纳税的农民(「零售卖家」)进行销售的纳税人。根据波兰增值税法第 111 条,零售商通常需要使用以电子方式记录交易或使用纸本收据的收银机。
波兰政府正在逐步要求零售商使用与国家税务总局收银机中央储存库 (CRK) 直接连接的线上收银机。所有线上收银机必须能够透过网路以直接、连续和自动的方式向 CRK 传输销售数据,包括需缴纳增值税的商品的详细资料、已付价格和应缴增值税以及纳税人的识别号码。该要求将在不同的期限内分阶段针对不同的行业实施。
JPK Reporting Requirement
Polish taxpayers file periodic JPKs rather than VAT returns.
Under this protocol, a taxpayer must maintain certain records in a standardized file format, in XML, either by exporting the information directly out of the taxpayer’s enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, or via third-party software.
JPK reporting provides the National Tax Administration with a complete record of the company’s taxable transactions, enabling the Administration to carry out financial analysis before auditing.
The JPK file for Poland generally includes:
• Accounting books;
• Bank statements;
• VAT invoices;
• Flat-rate invoices for farmers;
• Inventory;
• VAT sale and purchase registers; and
• Revenue records.
VAT registration numbers of customers must be included in the reports transmitted to the National Tax Administration, and failure to include the correct fields may result in penalties.
For more information about JPK and filing deadlines, see Section 10.3.1.
A taxpayer may be required to generate additional SAF-T files on demand, in case of audit.
Split Payment Mechanism
For information about the split payment mechanism, see Section 10.3.4.
EC Sales List (ESL)
Registered taxpayers engaged in intra-Community transactions must electronically submit an EC sales list (ESL), referred to as “summary information,” for intra-Community supplies of goods and services.
Under Article 100 of the Polish VAT Act, registered taxpayers must file summary information if they engage in any of the following activities:
• Intra-Community supplies of goods to VAT payers or legal persons that are not taxpayers identified for VAT purposes (for more information, see Section 7.4);
• Intra-Community acquisitions of goods from VAT payers, identified for VAT purposes;
• Services to VAT payers or legal persons that are not taxpayers and are identified for VAT purposes, if the services are provided in a Member State other than Poland, and the recipient is obliged to pay the VAT; and
• Supplies of goods supplied from Poland under call-off stock arrangements (for more information, see Section 3.5).
The list must provide the name of the entity submitting the lists and its Polish VAT registration number, the EU VAT registration number of suppliers and customers along with country codes, the aggregate value of the intra-Community acquisitions and supplies, and the total value of the services that have a place of supply outside Poland.
Summary information must be filed electronically no later than the 25th day of the month following the month in which:
• The tax obligation arose due to the transaction; or
• The goods are shipped under call-off stock arrangements (if applicable).
See Section 5.5 for information about ESL reporting requirements applicable to triangular transactions.
Intrastat
Taxable persons making intra-Community supplies or acquisitions of goods may also be required to supply statistical information. The basic reporting threshold for acquisitions is 6.2 million zloty a year and for dispatches it is 2.8 million zloty a year.
For taxpayers meeting higher thresholds, more detailed Intrastat reporting rates apply.
Statistical information can be supplied using software that may be downloaded using the Intrastat web portal or by paper, although not recommended. Information must be provided monthly, by the 10th working day after the end of the reporting month.
See Section 5.5 for information about Intrastat reporting requirements applicable to triangular transactions.
European Commission VAT Number Validation Tool
The European Commission maintains a VAT Information Exchange System (VIES) VAT number validation tool with the VAT identification numbers of taxable persons operating in EU Member States that are authorized to carry out zero-rated intra-Community supplies of goods or services. EU taxpayers use this tool to verify the VAT registration status of EU taxable counterparties outside their own Member State, to ensure that their intra-Community transactions qualify for a zero-rating.
For a link to the VIES VAT number validation tool, see Appendix 15.2 of the European Union chapter of the VAT Navigator.
Planning Point: If the web tool returns an “invalid status” response in connection with a VAT number, the taxpayer must complete further due diligence to establish that the transaction qualifies for a zero-rating. Otherwise, the right to the zero-rating may be lost.
Online Cash Registers
Special rules apply to taxpayers who make sales to natural persons who are final customers and to farmers taxed under the flat rate scheme (“retail sellers”). Retail sellers are generally required to use cash registers that record the transactions electronically or using paper receipts, under Article 111 of the Polish VAT Act.
The Polish government is phasing in a requirement for retail sellers to use online cash registers that are directly linked to the National Tax Administration’s Central Repository of Cash Registers (CRK). All online cash registers must be able to transmit sales data to the CRK in a direct, continuous and automated manner via the internet, including details of the item subject to VAT, the price paid and VAT due, and the taxpayer’s identification number. The requirement is being phased in for different sectors by different deadlines.
NRC-IE-180:
在波兰的非居民公司(Non-Resident Company)VAT相关网站?
答:
国内法规、规章等
2004 年波兰增值税法
财政部长条例 527,2020 年 3 月 25 日
2011 年 6 月 29 日财政部长条例(「退款条例」)
政府机构
财政部
国税局
其他政府资源
电子税务和海关服务入口网站(关税检查)
在线提交增值税申报表的入口网站
增值税纳税人“白名单”
JPK 增值税门户
电子增值税表格(财政部)
欧盟资源
Domestic Statutes, Regulations, etc.
Polish VAT Act 2004
Regulation 527 of the Minister of Finance, March 25, 2020
Regulation of the Minister of Finance of June 29, 2011 (“Refund Regulation”)
Government Agencies
Ministry of Finance
National Tax Administration
Additional Government Resources
Portal of Electronic Tax and Customs Services (Tariff Check)
Web portal for filing VAT returns online
“White List” of VAT Payers
JPK VAT Portal
Electronic VAT forms (Ministry of Finance)
European Union Resources
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