台灣公司在波蘭以非居民(Non-Resident)身份運營稅務(VAT &CIT)法規問答

台灣公司在波蘭以非居民(Non-Resident)身份運營稅務(VAT &CIT)法規問答

波蘭申請納稅人編號(Tax Payer ID),PL 開頭的歐盟VAT 證號,網上註冊OSS (One stop Shop) 及IOSS (Import One stop Shop),申請歐盟海關EORI證號,代理申報VAT,代收代付VAT稅款。

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NRC-PL-010:
台灣公司透過在波蘭店商平台賣東西到波蘭當地,一定要以台灣公司非居民Non-Resident身份來申請VAT證號嗎?

答:
假如每筆交易低於歐元150,且在波蘭年銷售額不高於歐元10,000,其營業稅可安排由在波蘭店商平台業者,代收代繳。
反之,假如每筆交易高於歐元150,或在波蘭年銷售額高於歐元10,000,任何一個條件成立的話,則必需以台灣公司非居民Non-Resident身份來申請VAT證號,自行開立VAT繳交。

NRC-PL-015:
台灣公司已經在波蘭申請非居民Non-Resident VAT證號嗎
透過在波蘭店商平台賣東西到非波蘭的歐盟國家,需要到該歐盟國家申請VAT證號嗎?
答:
假如每筆交易低於歐元150,且在該歐盟國家年銷售額不高於歐元10,000,其營業稅可安排由在波蘭店商平台業者,代收代繳,並不需要申請VAT號碼。


NRC-PL-020:
外國公司可以在波蘭以非居民Non-Resident身份申請VAT證號嗎?如可以,需要繳交CIT營利事業所得稅嗎?
官方網址?申請表格?

答:
根據 BNA 增值稅9.2 和 BNA 國家指南 2.2.2。
增值稅代表
根據《增值稅法》第 18a 條,在波蘭生產應稅供應品的歐盟以外的非居民納稅人必須在波蘭任命一名稅務代表。
稅務代表對增值稅承擔連帶責任。稅務代表負責增值稅的會計和報告以及增值稅的支付。
居住在歐盟但在波蘭沒有註冊辦事處、永久居住地或營業地的人士,如果希望登記增值稅,則無需指定稅務代表。
《增值稅法》第96(4)(b) 條規定,如果納稅人的欠稅是由於稅務詐欺造成的,並且在納稅人進行增值稅登記日後六個月內累積,則稅務代表應對納稅人的欠稅承擔連帶責任,最高可達500,000 茲羅提。
波蘭法律允許海關機構在某些條件下成為代表。代表與納稅人承擔連帶納稅義務。
有關指定稅務代表流程的更多信息,請參閱 第 10.4 節
不用繳交CIT營利事業所得稅。

NRC-PL-030:
假如外國公司在荷蘭以非居民Non-Resident身份申請VAT證號:
代理人正式名稱是什麼?
代理人需要啥資格?
委任代理人對荷蘭稅局負連帶繳稅責任嗎?
該非居民Non-Resident Entity需要繳CIT營利事業所得稅嗎?
官方網址?

答:
根據 BNA 增值稅10.4。
10.4. 任命稅務代表 —
合格的稅務代表
根據增值稅法第 18a 條,其他歐盟成員國的非居民貿易商沒有義務任命稅務代表,但可以自願這樣做。
來自第三國的納稅人必須在波蘭任命一名稅務代表來報告和繳納增值稅。
增值稅法第 18b 條規定,稅務代表必須符合以下要求:
• 在波蘭設有註冊辦事處並進行增值稅登記;
• 有權提供專業的稅務或會計建議;和
• 在過去24 個月內,其拖欠稅款沒有超過指定閾值,也沒有因經濟犯罪被定罪。
預約程序
稅務代表是透過書面協議任命的,該協議提供了各方的姓名、地址和增值稅信息,以及有關任命的其他適用資訊。
更多資訊
有關稅務代表的更多信息,請參閱 第 9.2 節

NRC-PL-040:
在荷蘭的非居民公司(Non-Resident Company)在甚麼狀況下不會被認為有PE常設機構? 在甚麼狀況下會被認為有PE常設機構?

答:
根據 BNA 國家指南 2.13 和 2.2.2。
2.1.3. 非居民實體的法律分類 
在波蘭開展業務的實體,其註冊辦事處和管理機構位於波蘭境外,並以法人身分在當地運營,則需在波蘭納稅。
該規則也適用於在另一個州設有註冊辦事處或管理機構的合夥企業,根據該州的稅法規定,它們被視為法人,並且無論其註冊地點在哪裡,都應對其全部收入納稅。這是賺來的。
2.2.2. 非居民公司 
波蘭非居民公司的稅基是地域性的。
換句話說,公司僅對在波蘭境內賺取的收入承擔納稅義務。
稅基包括營業收入和資本利得收入。
其他種類的收入(例如,股息、特許權使用費、利息和無形服務績效的收入)單獨徵稅,並在波蘭繳納預扣稅。
在波蘭賺取的收入包括以下收入:
• 在波蘭所進行的各種活動;
• 位於波蘭的不動產,包括出售公司部分或全部不動產的收入;
• 未在波蘭受監管的證券交易所公開交易的證券和衍生金融工具,以及銷售證券或工具或執行證券或工具所產生的權利的收入;

• 若公司/實體至少50%的資產直接或間接構成波蘭房地產或波蘭房地產權利,則轉讓某些類型公司或某些實體參與單位(包括基金)的股份;
• 在波蘭有營業地點或居住地的個人、法人或獨立實體簽訂的服務合約所獲得的收入,無論服務簽訂合約的地點或服務執行的地點;
• 自2019年1月1日起,將資產從波蘭領土轉移到另一個國家的情況下的未實現資本利得(關於出境稅,請參閱第9.4節 ;和
• 轉讓房地產公司股份。自2021年1月1日起,引進房地產公司概念。4 房地產公司是一個非個人的實體,其中:
• 課稅年度的第一天(對於開始活動的實體);或者
• 課稅年度前一年的最後一天(其他實體),
4  2020 年 11 月 28 日《個人所得稅法》、《企業所得稅法》、《自然人某些收入統一稅率所得稅法》和某些其他法案修正案,第 4 條。2(3)。
 其資產的至少 50% 的市場價值(對於開始其活動的實體)或至少 50% 的帳面價值(對於其他實體)包含位於波蘭的房地產(或房地產權利),前提是此類不動產遺產價值超過1000萬茲羅提。此外,對於開始活動的實體以外的實體,至少 60% 的應稅收入來自租賃或類似協議,或房地產或房地產權利的轉讓。
如果雙重課稅協定適用於非居民公司,波蘭可以對非居民的營業收入(營業利潤)課稅,只要該收入歸屬於位於波蘭的非居民常設機構(PE)。
波蘭遵循經合組織關於構成常設機構的非居民公司的存在/活動程度的準則。
網路使用、下載和雲端運算-PE 法律中沒有關於提供雲端運算、儲存或其他雲端服務或電話存在的具體立場。然而,稅務機關有時會提出,如果非居民賣家在波蘭保留網站和雲端運算伺服器或電腦設備,則可能存在常設機構。
伺服器——波蘭沒有關於這個問題的具體法律。
電話存在-波蘭沒有關於此主題的具體法律。
佣金銷售-佣金結構由稅務機關調查,需要非常仔細地構建,以免在波蘭產生私募股權風險。

NRC-PL-050:
在波蘭的非居民公司(Non-Resident Company)
 VAT 申報時限規定?


答:
根據 BNA VAT 10.3.1. Timing for Filing — 申報時限
JPK 增值稅申報
 納稅人必須每月在增值稅期結束後的下個月 25 日之前提交 Jednoality Plik Kontrolny (JPK)。
JPK 包含標準審計文件,並在波蘭提交以代替增值稅申報表。
JPK 可在 Bloomberg Tax 的國際稅表資料庫中找到。有關該資料庫的鏈接,請參閱 附錄 15.3
國稅局在其 JPK 增值稅入口網站上提供了有關此申報要求的大量資訊。有關此門戶的鏈接,請參閱 附錄 15.2
小規模納稅人
波蘭增值稅法第99(3) 條規定,小規模納稅人通常可以選擇按季度計算增值稅,前提是他們不晚於發生增值稅的季度第二個月的25 日以書面形式通知稅務局負責人.首次提交季度報稅。
按季度提交的納稅人需要按月提交增值稅記錄,並且任何季度第三個月的提交都包含額外的 JPK 增值稅申報資訊。
對於被歸類為小型的納稅人,其上一納稅年度的銷售額(含稅)總額不得超過相當於 2,000,000 歐元的波蘭茲羅提。對於管理投資基金或以代理人身分經營的經紀企業,門檻為45,000歐元的佣金或其他提供服務的形式的報酬。小規模納稅人可以實施收付實現制,在收到貨款時核算增值稅。
波蘭增值稅法第 99(3)(a) 條規定,在以下情況下,小納稅人不能按季度申報:
• 小規模納稅人是增值稅目的的新的、活躍的納稅人(即在相關稅務局進行登記後的前 12 個月內);或者
• 他們在一個季度或之前的四個季度供應波蘭增值稅法附件15 中列舉的某些商品,除非這些期間任何一個月的供應總量減去稅額不超過50,000 茲羅提。 (有關附件 15 所列貨物的更多信息,請參閱 第 9.3 節);或者
• 納稅人註冊為活躍納稅人,並在進口時提交的報稅表中繳納貨物進口應繳稅款。

錯誤更正
如果錯扣的進項稅額必須在目前申報期間之前的期間更正,納稅人必須透過提交更正的增值稅申報表來調整錯扣的進項稅額。如果納稅人在更正後仍欠稅款,則應支付滯納金的利息。
錯誤可以在產生扣除權利的當年開始的五年內進行調整。對於銷項稅,其期限為自向國庫繳納銷項增值稅當年年底起五年。逾期付款可能會受到處罰。
JPK VAT Declaration
Taxpayers must file the Jednolity Plik Kontrolny (JPK) on a monthly basis, by the 25th day of the month following the end of the VAT period.
The JPK incorporates the Standard Audit File and is filed in Poland in lieu of a VAT return.
The JPK is available on Bloomberg Tax’s International Tax Forms database. For a link to this database, see Appendix 15.3.
The National Tax Administration provides extensive information about this filing requirement on its JPK VAT portal. For a link to this portal, see Appendix 15.2.
Small Taxpayers
Article 99(3) of the Polish VAT Act provides that small taxpayers may generally opt to account for VAT quarterly, provided they notify the head of a revenue office in writing no later than the 25th day of the second month of a quarter for which a quarterly tax declaration is to be filed for the first time.
Taxpayers who file on a quarterly basis are required to file a VAT record on a monthly basis and the submission for the third month of any quarter contains additional JPK VAT declaration information.
For taxable persons to be categorized as small, their total value of sales (including tax) in the preceding tax year must not have exceeded the Polish zloty equivalent of 2,000,000 euros. For a brokerage enterprise, managing investment funds, or operating as an agent, the threshold is 45,000 euros of commissions or other forms of remuneration for provided services. Small taxpayers can apply the cash accounting scheme and account for VAT when the payment is received.
Article 99(3)(a) of the Polish VAT Act provides that quarterly filing is not available for small taxpayers if:

• The small taxpayer is a new, active taxable person for VAT purposes (i.e., for the first 12 months following the month in which the registration by the relevant tax office was made); or
• They supplied certain goods, enumerated in Annex 15 to the Polish VAT Act, in a quarter or in the four quarters preceding it, unless the total amount of supplies less the tax amount did not exceed 50,000 zloty in any month during these periods. (For more information about goods enumerated in Annex 15, see Section 9.3); or
• The taxpayer is registered as an active taxable person and settles the tax due on the import of goods in a tax declaration submitted at the time of import.
Correction of Errors
If input VAT has been incorrectly recovered and must be corrected for a period preceding the current reporting period, the taxpayer must adjust the incorrectly recovered input VAT by filing a corrected VAT declaration. If the taxpayer still owes a payment after the correction, the payment must include interest for the late VAT.
Errors can be adjusted within five years from the beginning of the year in which the right to claim a deduction arises. For output tax, it is five years from the end of the year in which the output VAT is due to the Treasury. Late payments may incur a penalty.

NRC-PL-060:
波蘭的非居民公司(Non-Resident Company)
 VAT 電子申報規定?

答:
根據 BNA VAT 10.3.2. Electronic Filing — 電子申報
波蘭納稅人以電子方式提交 JPK 增值稅申報表。
 有關 EC 銷售清單和 EU Intrastat 申報表的信息,請參閱 第 10.3.6 節,這些資訊也以電子方式提交。
Polish taxpayers file the JPK VAT Declaration electronically.
See Section 10.3.6 for information about EC Sales Lists and EU Intrastat returns, which are also filed electronically.

NRC-PL-070:
波蘭蘭的非居民公司(Non-Resident Company)
 VAT 付款或存款的時間期限規定?

答:
根據 BNA VAT 10.3.3. Timing of Payments or Deposits — 付款或存款的時間
一般付款規則
根據增值稅法第一百零三條規定,任何納稅期間的稅款應在相應報稅表的提交截止日期前繳納。
有關提交截止日期的信息,請參閱 第 10.3.1 節
歐盟內液體燃料採購
反詐欺措施規定,在共同體內部購買液體燃料時,應在燃料引入波蘭後五天內繳納增值稅。根據波蘭增值稅法第 17a 條,如果使用稅務倉庫進行採購,則倉庫需繳納增值稅。
Payment Rules, Generally
Under Article 103 of the VAT Act, payment of tax for any tax period is due by the filing deadline for the corresponding tax return.
For information about the filing deadline, see Section 10.3.1.
Intra-Community Acquisitions of Liquid Fuel
Anti-fraud measures provide that VAT is due on intra-Community acquisitions of liquid fuel within five days of the introduction of the fuel into Poland. Under Article 17a of the Polish VAT Act, if the acquisition is made using a tax warehouse, the warehouse is liable for the VAT.

NRC-PL-080:
波蘭的非居民公司(Non-Resident Company)
 VAT 付款或存款的方式規定?

答:
根據 BNA VAT 10.3.4. Methods of Payment or Deposit — 付款或存款的方式
一般增值稅支付
在波蘭註冊的納稅人必須將任何應付增值稅直接存入其註冊的相關稅務局的銀行帳戶。
在波蘭沒有固定機構的非居民納稅人需要在華沙第二稅務局登記,並將稅款存入第二稅務局的銀行帳戶。
增值稅必須以波蘭茲羅提支付。
規劃點
儘管沒有法定要求從外國銀行帳戶支付增值稅,但根據分割付款機制進行的任何付款都必須從波蘭銀行帳戶支付,並且任何增值稅退稅僅支付到波蘭帳戶。因此,建議從事波蘭應稅活動的外國公司探索開設當地銀行帳戶的可能性。
分期付款機制
波蘭根據波蘭增值稅法第 108a-108b 條實施分期付款機制(“ Mechanizm podzielonej ”)。
此機制對於某些交易是強制性的,如下所述。
《增值稅法》附件 15 列舉瞭如果發票上的金額超過 15,000 波蘭茲羅提分期付款門檻的供應品,則必須使用分期付款機制。如果發票金額低於分期付款限額,則可以自願使用分期付款方式。
分期付款交易包括:
• 汽車、機車零件的銷售;
• 汽車燃料、燃油和潤滑油;
• 廢棄物、廢棄物、可回收材料;
• 鋼材、貴金屬、有色金屬;
• 電子產品,包括處理器、智慧型手機、手機、平板電腦、上網本、筆記型電腦、遊戲機;
• 溫室氣體排放權;和
• 建築服務。
此機制要求買方和供應商均擁有增值稅帳戶。稅務發票應包含「 metoda podzielonej platnosci 」聲明,意思是「分割付款方式」。
波蘭銀行以及合作儲蓄和信用合作社必須開設增值稅帳戶,作為所有持有常規帳戶的增值稅註冊客戶的子帳戶。增值稅帳戶必須以波蘭茲羅提計價。這些帳戶必須自動開設,並且不得收取服務費或收費。
• 繳納增值稅滯納金利息。
納稅人必須向 KAS 申請批准從其增值稅帳戶到其企業帳戶的任何資金轉移,KAS 有最多 60 天的時間就此類申請做出決定。
購買者使用分期付款機制可以獲得一定的激勵措施。例如,根據第 105a 條,購買者在購買敏感貨物時一般可免除連帶責任,但以分期付款機制繳納的稅額為限。有關敏感商品的更多信息,請參閱 第 9.3 節
如果退稅款存入增值稅帳戶,納稅人也有資格在 25 天內加速退稅。有關詳細信息,請參閱 第 8.5.1 節
不應用分期付款機制可能會導致處罰。有關詳細信息,請參閱 第 11.2 節
規劃點: 所有在波蘭銀行擁有銀行帳戶的納稅人都會在波蘭自動開設增值稅銀行帳戶。然而,對於帳戶設在波蘭境外設立的銀行的外國企業來說,這個機會可能無法提供。因此,需要參與分期付款機制的外國企業應安排在波蘭銀行開設帳戶。
VAT Payment, Generally
Taxpayers registered in Poland must pay any VAT due directly into the bank account of the relevant tax office with which they are registered.
Nonresident taxpayers without a fixed establishment in Poland are required to register with the Second Tax Office Warszawa-Srodmiescie and pay into the bank account of the Second Tax Office.
The VAT payment must be made in Polish zloty.
Planning Point
Although there is no statutory requirement for payments of VAT to be made from a foreign bank account, any payment made under the Split Payment Mechanism must be made from a Polish bank account, and any refunds of VAT are only paid to Polish accounts. Therefore, it is advisable for a foreign company with Polish taxable activities to explore the possibility of opening a local bank account.
Split Payment Mechanism
Poland implements a split payment mechanism (the “Mechanizm podzielonej”), under Articles 108a-108b of the Polish VAT Act.
This mechanism is obligatory for certain transactions, addressed below.
Annex No. 15 of the VAT Act enumerates the supplies for which the use of the split payment mechanism is obligatory, if the amount on the invoice exceeds the split payment threshold of 15,000 Polish zloty. If the invoiced amount is less than the split payment threshold, the split payment method can be used on a voluntary basis.
Split-payment transactions include:
• Sales of car and motorcycle parts;
• Fuel for cars, fuel and lubricating oils;
• Waste, scrap, recyclable materials;
• Steel products, precious metals, nonferrous metals;
• Electronics, including processors, smartphones, phones, tablets, netbooks, laptops, game consoles;
• Greenhouse gas emission rights; and
• Building and construction services.
The mechanism requires both the purchaser and the supplier to have VAT accounts. The tax invoice should contain the statement, “metoda podzielonej platnosci,” meaning “split payment method.”
Polish banks and cooperative savings and credit unions are required to open VAT accounts, as sub-accounts for all VAT-registered customers who hold regular accounts. The VAT accounts must be denominated in Polish zloty. These accounts must be opened automatically and may not be subject to service fees or charges.
The customer instructing the financial institution to make the split payment must provide certain information, including the amount of VAT, the gross sales value, the invoice number and the supplier’s tax identification number. Upon receiving this instruction, the financial institution splits the payment accordingly, paying the amount net of VAT into the supplier’s general business account, and the VAT amount into the supplier’s VAT account.
Although the VAT account and the funds within it are the property of the supplier, the use of the account is limited to specified, VAT-related purposes, including:
• Paying VAT to the National Tax Administration (KAS);
• Paying invoiced VAT to the VAT account of a supplier; and
• Paying VAT late payment interest.
A taxpayer must apply to KAS to approve any transfer of funds from its VAT account to its business account, and KAS has up to 60 days to issue a decision on such application.
Purchasers benefit from certain incentives in return for using the split payment mechanism. For example, the purchaser is generally absolved of joint and several liability under Article 105a with respect to acquisitions of sensitive goods, to the extent of the tax amount paid using the split payment mechanism. For more information about sensitive goods, see Section 9.3.
Taxpayers are also eligible for VAT refunds on an accelerated basis, within 25 days, if the refunds are to be paid into the VAT account. For more information, see Section 8.5.1.
Failure to apply the split payment mechanism can result in a penalty. For more information, see Section 11.2.
Planning Point: 
VAT bank accounts are opened automatically in Poland for all taxpayers who have bank accounts in a Polish bank. However, this opportunity may not be available for foreign businesses whose accounts are at banks established outside Poland. Therefore, foreign businesses required to participate in the split payment mechanism should arrange to open Polish bank accounts.

NRC-PL-090:
波蘭的非居民公司(Non-Resident Company)
 VAT 紀錄保存規定?
答:
根據 BNA VAT 10.3.5. Recordkeeping — 記錄保存
需保存的記錄
根據增值稅法第 112 條,納稅人必須保留與增值稅申報相關的記錄(文件和發票),直至納稅義務期滿。
根據增值稅法第一百零九條規定,記錄應包含確定徵稅對象和基礎、銷項稅額、進項稅額扣除銷項稅額以及應納或應退稅額所需的數據。稅務局提供的資訊以及有助於正確編制報稅表的其他詳細資料。
這些記錄必須包括納稅人或代表納稅人開立的發票以及納稅人以易於存取和驗證的形式收到的發票。納稅人有責任在發票和貨物​​供應或服務提供之間提供可靠的審計追蹤。
根據《增值稅法》第 112aa 條,結構性發票將在國家電子發票系統中存儲,有效期為自開具當年年底起 10 年。
記錄保存期限
根據1997年8月29日波蘭稅法第70條,稅務義務期間一般為五年。
對於某些活動,例如與 B2C 電信、廣播和電子提供服務(迷你一站式服務)以及土地和財產活動相關的交易,記錄必須保存 10 年。有關迷你一站式服務的更多信息,請參閱 第 13.3 節
儲存位置
在波蘭設立的納稅人可以在波蘭境外儲存發票,前提是發票的儲存方式使稅務機關能夠在線上存取它們。
電子記錄
所有納稅人都必須以電子格式保存增值稅記錄。
電子商務記錄保存要求
特殊記錄保存規則適用於 2021 年 7 月 1 日或之後從事遠程銷售的在線市場運營商。有關更多信息,請參閱 第 9.2 節
特殊記錄保存要求也適用於 2021 年 7 月 1 日或之後註冊一站式服務的人員。有關更多信息,請參閱 第 13.3 節
自 2024 年 1 月 1 日起,歐盟範圍內的記錄保存要求適用於根據增值稅法第 110a 條從事某些類型跨境交易的支付服務提供者。此外,支付服務提供者必須向相關稅務機關提供這些記錄。有關更多信息,請參閱  增值稅導航器歐盟章節的第 10.3.5 節。
Records to be Maintained
Under Article 112 of the VAT Act, taxpayers are required to retain records (documents and invoices) related to the filing of VAT declarations until the expiration of the tax liability period.
Under Article 109 of the VAT Act, the records should contain the data necessary for determining the object and base of taxation, the amount of output tax, the amounts of input tax reducing the amount of output tax and the amount of tax payable to or refundable by the revenue office and other particulars useful for the correct drawing up of the tax declaration.
The records must include invoices issued by the taxpayer or on behalf of the taxpayer and invoices received by the taxpayer in a form that is easy to access and authenticate. The taxpayer bears the burden to provide a reliable audit trail between an invoice and a supply of goods or provision of services.
Under Article 112aa of the VAT Act, structured invoices are stored in the National e-Invoice System for a period of 10 years from the end of the year in which they were issued.
Recordkeeping Period
The tax liability period is generally five years, under Article 70 of the Polish Tax Code of August 29, 1997.
For certain activities, such as transactions relating to B2C telecommunications, broadcasting and electronically supplied services (the Mini One Stop Shop) and land and property activities, the records must be kept for 10 years. For more information on the Mini One Stop Shop, see Section 13.3.
Storage Location
Taxpayers established in Poland may store invoices outside Poland provided they are stored in a manner that enables the tax authority to access them online.
Electronic Records
All taxpayers must keep their VAT records in electronic format.
E-Commerce Recordkeeping Requirements
Special recordkeeping rules apply to online marketplace operators engaged in distance sales on or after July 1, 2021. For more information, see Section 9.2.
Special recordkeeping requirements also apply to persons registered for the One Stop Shop on or after July 1, 2021. For more information, see Section 13.3.
On and after January 1, 2024, EU-wide recordkeeping requirements apply to payment service providers engaged in certain types of cross-border transactions under Article 110a of the VAT Act. Further, the payment services providers must make these records available to the relevant tax authorities. For more information, see Section 10.3.5 of the European Union Chapter of the VAT Navigator.

NRC-PL-0A0:
波蘭的非居民公司(Non-Resident Company)
 以PL…..VAT銷售至其他歐盟 國家的VAT 申報規定?
答:
根據 BNA VAT 10.3.6. Other Matters — 其他事項
JPK 報告要求
波蘭納稅人定期提交 JPK,而不是增值稅申報表。
根據該協議,納稅人必須以標準化文件格式(XML)維護某些記錄,方法是直接從納稅人的企業資源規劃(ERP)系統中匯出訊息,或透過第三方軟體匯出資訊。
JPK 報告為國家稅務總局提供了公司應稅交易的完整記錄,使政府能夠在審計前進行財務分析。
波蘭的JPK文件一般包括:
• 會計帳簿;
• 銀行對帳單;
• 增值稅發票;
• 農民統一費率發票;
• 存貨;
• 加值稅銷售及購買登記冊;和
• 收入記錄。
客戶的增值稅登記號碼必須包含在發送給國家稅務總局的報告中,不包含正確的欄位可能會導致處罰。
有關 JPK 和提交截止日期的更多信息,請參閱 第 10.3.1 節
在進行審計時,納稅人可能需要根據需要產生額外的 SAF-T 文件
分期付款機制
有關分割支付機制的信息,請參閱 第 10.3.4 節
EC 銷售清單 (ESL)
從事共同體內部交易的註冊納稅人必須以電子方式提交 EC 銷售清單 (ESL),稱為“摘要資訊”,用於共同體內部的商品和服務供應。
根據波蘭增值稅法第 100 條,註冊納稅人如果從事以下任何活動,必須提交摘要資訊:
• 共同體內向增值稅納稅人或非增值稅納稅人的法人供應貨物(更多信息,請參閱 第 7.4 節);
• 共同體內從增值稅納稅人購買的貨物,出於增值稅目的而確定;
• 向增值稅納稅人或非納稅人且出於增值稅目的而確定的法人提供的服務,如果該服務是在波蘭以外的成員國提供的,並且接收者有義務繳納增值稅;和
• 根據取消庫存安排從波蘭供應的貨物(更多信息,請參閱 第 3.5 節)。
該清單必須提供提交清單的實體名稱及其波蘭增值稅登記號、供應商和客戶的歐盟增值稅登記號碼以及國家/地區代碼、共同體內採購和供應的總價值以及在波蘭境外提供供應的服務。
摘要資訊必須在以下月份的下個月 25 日之前以電子方式提交:
• 因交易而產生的稅務義務;或者
• 貨物依照取消庫存安排裝運(如果適用)。
 有關適用於三角交易的 ESL 報告要求的信息,請參閱 第 5.5 節。
內部統計
在共同體內供應或採購貨物的納稅人也可能需要提供統計資料。收購的基本報告門檻為每年 620 萬茲羅提,派遣的基本報告門檻為每年 280 萬茲羅提。
對於達到更高門檻的納稅人,適用更詳細的內部統計報告費率。
統計資訊可以使用可透過 Intrastat 入口網站下載的軟體提供,也可以透過紙本形式提供,但不建議這樣做。必須每月在報告月結束後的第 10 個工作日之前提供資訊。
 有關適用於三角交易的內部統計報告要求的信息,請參閱 第 5.5 節。
歐盟委員會增值稅號驗證工具
歐盟委員會維護增值稅資訊交換系統 (VIES) 增值稅號驗證工具,其中包含在歐盟成員國內經營且被授權在共同體內提供零稅率商品或服務的應納稅人的增值稅識別號碼。歐盟納稅人使用此工具來驗證其成員國以外的歐盟應稅交易對手的增值稅註冊狀態,以確保其歐盟內部交易符合零稅率。
有關 VIES 增值稅號驗證工具的鏈接,請參閱  增值稅導航器歐盟章節的附錄 15.2 。
規劃重點: 如果網路工具傳回與增值稅號相關的「無效狀態」回應,納稅人必須完成進一步的盡職調查,以確定該交易符合零稅率的條件。否則,可能會失去零評級的權利。
線上收銀機
特殊規則適用於向最終客戶自然人以及根據統一稅率計劃納稅的農民(「零售賣家」)進行銷售的納稅人。根據波蘭增值稅法第 111 條,零售商通常需要使用以電子方式記錄交易或使用紙本收據的收銀機。
波蘭政府正在逐步要求零售商使用與國家稅務總局收銀機中央儲存庫 (CRK) 直接連接的線上收銀機。所有線上收銀機必須能夠透過網路以直接、連續和自動的方式向 CRK 傳輸銷售數據,包括需繳納增值稅的商品的詳細資料、已付價格和應繳增值稅以及納稅人的識別號碼。該要求將在不同的期限內分階段針對不同的行業實施。
JPK Reporting Requirement
Polish taxpayers file periodic JPKs rather than VAT returns.
Under this protocol, a taxpayer must maintain certain records in a standardized file format, in XML, either by exporting the information directly out of the taxpayer’s enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, or via third-party software.
JPK reporting provides the National Tax Administration with a complete record of the company’s taxable transactions, enabling the Administration to carry out financial analysis before auditing.
The JPK file for Poland generally includes:
• Accounting books;
• Bank statements;
• VAT invoices;
• Flat-rate invoices for farmers;
• Inventory;
• VAT sale and purchase registers; and
• Revenue records.
VAT registration numbers of customers must be included in the reports transmitted to the National Tax Administration, and failure to include the correct fields may result in penalties.
For more information about JPK and filing deadlines, see Section 10.3.1.
A taxpayer may be required to generate additional SAF-T files on demand, in case of audit.
Split Payment Mechanism
For information about the split payment mechanism, see Section 10.3.4.
EC Sales List (ESL)
Registered taxpayers engaged in intra-Community transactions must electronically submit an EC sales list (ESL), referred to as “summary information,” for intra-Community supplies of goods and services.
Under Article 100 of the Polish VAT Act, registered taxpayers must file summary information if they engage in any of the following activities:
• Intra-Community supplies of goods to VAT payers or legal persons that are not taxpayers identified for VAT purposes (for more information, see Section 7.4);
• Intra-Community acquisitions of goods from VAT payers, identified for VAT purposes;
• Services to VAT payers or legal persons that are not taxpayers and are identified for VAT purposes, if the services are provided in a Member State other than Poland, and the recipient is obliged to pay the VAT; and
• Supplies of goods supplied from Poland under call-off stock arrangements (for more information, see Section 3.5).
The list must provide the name of the entity submitting the lists and its Polish VAT registration number, the EU VAT registration number of suppliers and customers along with country codes, the aggregate value of the intra-Community acquisitions and supplies, and the total value of the services that have a place of supply outside Poland.
Summary information must be filed electronically no later than the 25th day of the month following the month in which:
• The tax obligation arose due to the transaction; or
• The goods are shipped under call-off stock arrangements (if applicable).
See Section 5.5 for information about ESL reporting requirements applicable to triangular transactions.
Intrastat
Taxable persons making intra-Community supplies or acquisitions of goods may also be required to supply statistical information. The basic reporting threshold for acquisitions is 6.2 million zloty a year and for dispatches it is 2.8 million zloty a year.
For taxpayers meeting higher thresholds, more detailed Intrastat reporting rates apply.
Statistical information can be supplied using software that may be downloaded using the Intrastat web portal or by paper, although not recommended. Information must be provided monthly, by the 10th working day after the end of the reporting month.
See Section 5.5 for information about Intrastat reporting requirements applicable to triangular transactions.
European Commission VAT Number Validation Tool
The European Commission maintains a VAT Information Exchange System (VIES) VAT number validation tool with the VAT identification numbers of taxable persons operating in EU Member States that are authorized to carry out zero-rated intra-Community supplies of goods or services. EU taxpayers use this tool to verify the VAT registration status of EU taxable counterparties outside their own Member State, to ensure that their intra-Community transactions qualify for a zero-rating.
For a link to the VIES VAT number validation tool, see Appendix 15.2 of the European Union chapter of the VAT Navigator.
Planning Point: If the web tool returns an “invalid status” response in connection with a VAT number, the taxpayer must complete further due diligence to establish that the transaction qualifies for a zero-rating. Otherwise, the right to the zero-rating may be lost.
Online Cash Registers
Special rules apply to taxpayers who make sales to natural persons who are final customers and to farmers taxed under the flat rate scheme (“retail sellers”). Retail sellers are generally required to use cash registers that record the transactions electronically or using paper receipts, under Article 111 of the Polish VAT Act.
The Polish government is phasing in a requirement for retail sellers to use online cash registers that are directly linked to the National Tax Administration’s Central Repository of Cash Registers (CRK). All online cash registers must be able to transmit sales data to the CRK in a direct, continuous and automated manner via the internet, including details of the item subject to VAT, the price paid and VAT due, and the taxpayer’s identification number. The requirement is being phased in for different sectors by different deadlines.

NRC-IE-180:
在波蘭的非居民公司(Non-Resident Company)VAT相關網站?

答:
國內法規、規章等
2004 年波蘭增值稅法
財政部長條例 527,2020 年 3 月 25 日
2011 年 6 月 29 日財政部長條例(「退款條例」)
政府機構
財政部
國稅局
其他政府資源
電子稅務和海關服務入口網站(關稅檢查)
在線提交增值稅申報表的入口網站
增值稅納稅人“白名單”
JPK 增值稅門戶
電子增值稅表格(財政部)
歐盟資源
Domestic Statutes, Regulations, etc.
Polish VAT Act 2004
Regulation 527 of the Minister of Finance, March 25, 2020
Regulation of the Minister of Finance of June 29, 2011 (“Refund Regulation”)
Government Agencies
Ministry of Finance
National Tax Administration
Additional Government Resources
Portal of Electronic Tax and Customs Services (Tariff Check)
Web portal for filing VAT returns online
“White List” of VAT Payers
JPK VAT Portal
Electronic VAT forms (Ministry of Finance)
European Union Resources

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